Sides AB and AC and median AD of triangle ABC are respectively proportional to sides PQ and PR and median PM of another triangle PQR . Show that triangle ABC is similar to triangle PQR.

Given, two triangles ΔABC and ΔPQR in which AD and PM are medians such that ABPQ=ACPR=ADPM
To Prove that ΔABC∼ΔPQR
Construction: Produce AD to E so that AD = DE. Join CE.
Similarly produce PM to N such that PM = MN, also Join RN.
Proof
In ΔABD and ΔCDE, we have
AD = DE [By Construction]
BD = DC [∵ AD is the median]
And, ∠ADB=∠CDE [Vertically opposite angles]
∴ΔABD≅ΔCED [By SAS criterion of congruence]
⇒AB=CE[byCPCT]...(i)
Also, in ΔPQM and ΔMNR, we have
PM = MN [By Construction]
QM = MR [∴PM is the median]
And, ∠PMQ=∠NMR [Vertically opposite angles]
∴ΔPQM=ΔMNR [By SAS criterion of congruence]
⇒PQ=RN[CPCT]...(ii)
Now,ABPQ=ACPR=ADPM
⇒CERN=ACPR=ADPM...[From(i)and(ii)]
⇒CERN=ACPR=2AD2PM
⇒CERN=ACPR=AEPN[∴2AD=AE and 2PM=PN]
∴ΔACE∼ΔPRN [By SSS similarity criterion]
Therefore, ∠2=∠4
Similarly, ∠1=∠3
∴∠1+∠2=∠3+∠4
⇒∠A=∠P...(iii)
Now, in ΔABCandΔPQR, we have
ABPQ=ACPR(Given)
∠A=∠P[From(iii)]
∴ΔABC∼ΔPQR [By SAS similarity criterion]
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